|
| venerated = | current_title = | beatified_date = 19 September 2010 | beatified_place = Cofton Park, Birmingham, England | beatified_by = Pope Benedict XVI | attributes = Cardinal's attire | patronage = Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham | shrine = Birmingham Oratory, Edgbaston, England |motto= |coat_of_arms=Coat of arms of John Henry Newman.svg }} John Henry Newman Cong. Orat. (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890〔(Barry, William. "John Henry Newman." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 31 Aug. 2014 )〕), also referred to as Cardinal Newman, John Henry Cardinal Newman, and Blessed John Henry Newman, was an important figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century. He was known nationally by the mid-1830s.〔Gilley, p. 201.〕 Originally an evangelical Oxford academic and priest in the Church of England, Newman then became drawn to the high-church tradition of Anglicanism and became known as a leader of, and an able polemicist for, the Oxford Movement, an influential and controversial grouping of Anglicans who wished to return to the Church of England many Catholic beliefs and liturgical rituals from before the English Reformation. In this the movement had some success. However, in 1845 Newman, joined by some but not all of his followers, left the Church of England and his teaching post at Oxford University and was received into the Catholic Church. He was quickly ordained as a priest and continued as an influential religious leader, based in Birmingham. In 1879, he was created a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in recognition of his services to the cause of the Catholic Church in England. He was instrumental in the founding of the Catholic University of Ireland, which evolved into University College, Dublin, today the largest university in Ireland. Newman's beatification was officially proclaimed by Pope Benedict XVI on 19 September 2010 during his visit to the United Kingdom.〔 His canonisation is dependent on the documentation of additional miracles attributed to his intercession. Newman was also a literary figure of note: his major writings including the ''Tracts for the Times'' (1833–1841), his autobiography ''Apologia Pro Vita Sua'' (1865–66), the ''Grammar of Assent'' (1870), and the poem ''The Dream of Gerontius'' (1865),〔 which was set to music in 1900 by Edward Elgar. He wrote the popular hymns "Lead, Kindly Light" and "Praise to the Holiest in the Height" (taken from ''Gerontius''). ==Early life and education== Newman was born in the City of London, the eldest of a family of three sons and three daughters. His father, John Newman, was a banker with Ramsbottom, Newman and Company in Lombard Street. His mother, Jemima (née Fourdrinier), was descended from a notable family of Huguenot refugees in England, founded by the engraver, printer and stationer, Paul Fourdrinier. Francis William Newman was a younger brother. His eldest sister, Harriet Elizabeth, married Thomas Mozley, also prominent in the Oxford Movement. The family lived in Southampton Street (now Southampton Place) in Bloomsbury and bought a country retreat in Ham, near Richmond, in the early 1800s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Henry Newman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|